Category:Lego wheels

Lego Wheels and Axles, closeup [image info]

1962: Patent application 3234683 [image info]

Lego produced their first wheels in 1962, with the appearance of the accessory pack 400.

• Pack 400 included two axle bricks and four small wheels with grey tyres. It also included a small baseplate and a flexible coupling, which was enough to let you use the rest of your Lego to make a small four-wheeled car, and to have a coupling dangling for the back for a trailer (for which you'd of course need to buy another wheel set ...).
• Pack 401 had two axle bricks and just two of the larger-size wheels (and the flexible coupling).
• Pack 402 contained three turntable bricks and a couple of four-by-eight baseplates.

Additionally,

• Set 314 proudly displayed examples of all of the new rotating pieces in a large display box, as a sort of presentation set.

The Turntable Brick

The arrival of the turntable brick is perhaps slightly anomalous: its upper surface has the same stud layout as the Large Wheel, so why not just use a Large Wheel, and make use of the lower-friction axle bricks?

Unfortunately, while the axle bricks had four ports, and accepted wheels at all four vertical faces, you couldn't plug a wheel into the top or bottom and have it mounted horizontally, so you couldn't have a nice red wheel acting as the ladder turntable of your nice red Lego fire engine. Since 1960s Lego was still very much designed with "studs on top", and didn't have any right-angle adaptors or hinges that could be used to rotate an axle brick onto its side, using a wheel as a turntable would have required required a new turntable brick with a hole on top (and/or underneath). Lego seem to have decided that if they were going to have to design a new turntable brick, that they might as well produce a more compact dedicated turntable piece that worked without needing a separate wheel, and which (because it didn't need flanges to hold tyres) could be compact enough to completely fit inside a four-by-four space.

The turntable joint was comparably high-friction and didn't encourage free movement. This was both good and bad: It meant that a crane jib or fire engine ladder tended to stay pointing where you left it, and wouldn't swing wildly about when the model was tilted ... but it also meant that the deliberate effort of rotating the turntable took some of the spontaneous joy out of playing with the resulting model. One didn't get the sense that one was dealing with an engineered joint, whereas if they'd gone down the axle and wheel route, you could have rotated even a strongly loaded turntable joint with light fingertip pressure.

Another option might have been to produce a lower-friction turntable with four "click" positions at 90-degree angles, so that a fire engine ladder would stay lined up with the vehicle body when it was driving, but when clicked out of position would give 90 degrees of free movement.

The limited uses of the turntable brick meant that it was initially only available in white. For users with no need of turntables, the brick had other uses, such as making solid bases for round castle towers.

Significance

The appearance of the wheel sets helped sign the death knell for the original "City Plan" focus of Lego System. Rather than buy a little readymade Lego 1:87 model to go in a tiny Lego garage, one could have the additional fun of actually building your own car, to your own design, using the bricks you had available. Because of the size of the wheels, the resulting toy cars would be vastly out of scale with the Town Plan road system and buildings – a small Lego wheel was about the height of one storey of a Town Plan building.

The appearance of the wheel parts also meant the (eventual) disappearance of the Lego 1:87 plastic car range. While the little cars were nominally "Lego System", they weren't "Lego" in the sense that most people understood, and only really "connected" to the rest of the Lego System via the card town plan baseboard.

The Lego wheels (and dedicated sets using them) were followed by the Lego Train system (inevitably also far larger than 1:87), and the idea of there being a single usable scale for Lego models fell by the wayside.

1966: The four-stud train wheel

Dedicated red train wheels, with an inner flange only, and a ridged contact surface for traction, appeared in 1966. These could run on the new blue Lego train rails, and navigate points. They were a push-fit replacement for the usual four-stud wheel, and sometimes came with a grey rubber bad for extra traction (if a wheel was going to be plugged into a Lego motor and driven).

1967: The spoked train wheel

The four-stud train wheels was joined by a less toyinsh-looking spoked version with a single centred stud (still bright red), which looked much better on locos. This could also be fitted with a tyre and used as a normal road wheel, as on the large London Double Decker Bus model 384 (1973)

1967 also saw the introduction of a large red spoked wheel, which could be used without a tyre as a cartwheel, and appears with a tyre on the Homemaker Family set 354 (1975), where its used for large pram wheels.

Subsequent developments included replacing the metal axle with a Lego Technic cross-beam hole, profile changes (to make the train wheels thinner), and simplified black train wheels with no real detail to match the simpler small wheels found on tenders and rolling stock.

1969: The Legoland Microwheel

The revolution in Lego road vehicles and scale happened in 1969 with the appearance of the Microwheel assemblies that showed up in the new Legoland range. tiny and red with a single stud and different thicknesses of tyre (depending on whether you wanted to build a small car or a larger construction vehicle), the new wheels clipped onto plastic split axles on the sides of a special black 2×2 brick (3137c01 / 3139).

This allowed a range of four-stud-wide vehicles, establishing a rough scale for the new 1969 Legoland range, which cashed on on the opening of the first Legoland theme park in 1968.

External links

• The First Lego Wheels (eurobricks.com)
• 50 YEARS OF THE LEGO WHEEL (lego.com)
• Legoland Microwheels (bricklink.com)

• Patent US3236004 (A) ― 1966-02-22 Turntable element for toy building sets (worldwide.espacenet.com)
• Patent US3242610 (A) ― 1966-03-29 - Flexible connector for toy construction sets (worldwide.espacenet.com)